EV Standards Reference

Safety requirements for electric power train of L, M and N category vehicles. Covers electrical safety, isolation resistance, water ingress (IP), mechanical integrity, and battery system requirements including thermal runaway notification.

Functional safety of high-voltage systems: insulation, overvoltage/overcurrent protection, disconnect in crash, and protection against electric shock. Mandatory for type approval.

Test procedure and calculation method for measuring energy consumption (kWh/100km) and range (km) on Indian MIDC cycle and WLTC. Required for FAME-II subsidy eligibility.

Type approval procedure for M & N category EVs. Cross-references AIS-038, AIS-049, AIS-123, and CMVR rules for homologation.

Requirements for on-board chargers, AC supply equipment (EVSE), and connectors for single-phase (3.3 kW, 7.4 kW) and three-phase (11 kW, 22 kW) AC charging in India.

Requirements for off-board DC chargers (Bharat DC-001 at 15 kW and CCS2/CHAdeMO protocols). Defines Type 1, Type 2, CCS-2 and CHAdeMO connector requirements for India.

Capacity, energy, power, cycle life, and calendar life testing of traction battery packs and systems for M and N category vehicles. India's equivalent of IEC 62660-2.

Safety and performance requirements for ACC-based battery packs used in EVs. Covers thermal propagation, abuse testing (overcharge, short circuit, crush, nail penetration), and fire safety. Phase 2 adds thermal runaway warning requirements.

BIS standard for public and semi-public EV charging station infrastructure: electrical safety, earthing, metering, payment interface, and site requirements.

Safety requirements for Li-ion battery packs in EVs covering mechanical, electrical, and thermal tests. Harmonised with IEC 62133 series.

Safety testing for secondary lithium cells and batteries in portable applications: mechanical, electrical, and environmental tests. Part 2 covers lithium systems specifically.

Safety requirements and tests for lithium cells in stationary (ESS) applications. Widely referenced for EV fleet depot storage systems.

Characterisation and performance testing for cylindrical and prismatic Li-ion cells in EVs: capacity, rate capability, temperature range, and self-discharge.

Cycle life, calendar life, and abuse testing (overcharge, over-discharge, external short, thermal shock) for EV cells. Baseline for BMS protection algorithm design.

Cell-level safety testing under abnormal conditions. Includes nail penetration, crush, overtemperature, and propagation risk assessment.

Foundational standard for EV conductive charging. Defines Mode 1, 2, 3, and 4 charging modes; AC and DC supply equipment requirements; safety interlocks; pilot signal (CP/PP lines).

EMC requirements (conducted and radiated emissions, immunity) for DC off-board chargers (Modes 3 and 4). Critical for fast charger certification.

General requirements for AC and DC conductive charging connectors: current ratings, temperature rise, contact resistance, mechanical endurance, and IP ratings.

Dimensional and interface requirements for AC charging plugs: Type 1 (SAE J1772 single-phase), Type 2 (Mennekes, used in India/EU), and Type 3. Type 2 is India's mandated AC connector.

Dimensional specifications for DC combo connectors: CCS-1 (SAE), CCS-2 (European/India). CCS-2 is India's mandated DC fast charge connector as per AIS-138 / MoP advisory.

Protocol for second-life battery assessment, repurposing for ESS, and end-of-life recycling. Relevant to India's Battery Waste Management Rules 2022.

Safety requirements for the on-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS): protection against overcharge, thermal events, gas emissions, and mechanical integrity.

Protection against electric shock from the HV system: galvanic isolation, IP requirements, service disconnect, post-crash isolation resistance (≥100 Ω/V).

Performance test procedures for battery packs and systems in EVs: capacity, energy, power capability, round-trip efficiency, and cold/hot temperature behaviour.

Architecture and use cases for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) communication over PLC and wireless. Foundation for smart charging, V2G, and ISO 15118-20 (BPT).

Extends ISO 15118-2 for bidirectional power transfer (BPT), wireless power transfer (WPT), and AUTOSAR-based security. Enables V2G, V2H, V2L use cases.

System-level requirements for vehicle-side conductive charging hardware: inlet connector, interlock, on-board charger interface, and vehicle readiness signal.

Safety lifecycle for E/E systems in road vehicles. Defines ASIL levels (A–D) for hazard classification and safety goals. BMS, HV contactor control, and thermal runaway detection systems typically target ASIL B/C.

Standardised test procedures for EV performance: acceleration, top speed, range, energy consumption on standardised drive cycles including WLTP, NEDC, and Indian MIDC.

Environmental stress tests for automotive E/E components: temperature cycling, humidity, vibration, salt spray, dust ingress. Required for BMS hardware qualification.

Safety and interoperability requirements for wireless inductive charging systems. Basis for SAE J2954 and future OEM wireless charging specifications.

Homologation regulation for battery-powered vehicles. Part I: electrical safety (isolation resistance, IP, service disconnect). Part II: battery pack safety — overcharge, over-discharge, external short, crush, thermal shock, vibration, fire resistance, and thermal runaway communication. India aligns type approval to AIS-038 which harmonises with R100 Rev 3.

Mandatory pre-shipment testing for Li-ion and Li-metal batteries transported by air, sea, or land. Tests: altitude simulation, thermal, vibration, shock, external short, impact/crush, overcharge, forced discharge. Required for all cells sold globally.

Equivalent of R100 for L-category (2W, 3W) EVs. Covers electrical safety, battery safety, IP ratings, and isolation resistance for electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers — directly applicable to Indian EV 2W/3W type approval.

EMC approval regulation for vehicles and EV charging equipment. Covers conducted and radiated emissions from the vehicle and charging system. Relevant for EV inverters, DC-DC converters, and on-board chargers.

Defines the North American Type 1 AC charging connector (Level 1 at 120V/16A, Level 2 at 240V/80A) and pilot signal (CP/PP) protocol. Also defines CCS-1 DC combo connector integrated with Type 1 for fast charging.

Abuse test matrix for battery packs: mechanical (crush, penetration, immersion), electrical (overcharge, over-discharge, external short), and thermal (oven exposure, fire) tests. Reference for AIS-156 and IEC 62660-3.

Interoperability and safety requirements for wireless inductive charging at power classes WPT1 (3.7 kW), WPT2 (7.7 kW), WPT3 (11.1 kW) and WPT4 (22 kW). Defines alignment tolerance, efficiency requirements, and EMF exposure limits.

Three-phase AC charging connector (Type 2 equivalent) and control pilot protocol for North America — enables 19.2 kW and 80 kW three-phase AC charging. Emerging adoption in commercial EVs.

System architecture and requirements for EV energy transfer: power quality, communication, and safety interlocks between EVSE and on-board charger. Foundation document for Level 1/2 charging systems.

Combined AC+DC connector integrating Type 2 AC pins with two additional DC pins. Supports AC up to 43 kW and DC up to 350 kW. India mandated CCS-2 as the standard DC fast charging connector per MoP advisory (2019). Power and communication protocol defined by CharIN consortium.

Japanese DC fast charging connector and communication protocol. Versions 1.x: up to 62.5 kW. Version 2.0: 400 kW. Version 3.0 (ChaoJi): up to 900 kW with bidirectional V2G. Supported by Toyota, Nissan, and some Chinese OEMs. AIS-072 Part 2 includes CHAdeMO as an accepted DC connector in India.

Chinese national standard for AC (GB/T 20234.2) and DC (GB/T 20234.3) charging connectors. GB/T DC is China's mandated fast-charge connector. Increasingly relevant as Chinese EVs (BYD, SAIC-MG, TATA tie-ups) enter India.

Communication protocol between charge point hardware (CP) and charge management system (CSMS / back-end). OCPP 2.0.1 adds smart charging profiles, ISO 15118 Plug & Charge integration, device management, and security. Mandatory for FAME-II compliant public chargers in India.

REST-based protocol enabling EV charging roaming across multiple CPO networks. Allows drivers to authenticate and pay at any OCPI-enabled charge point. Used by India's ChargeGrid, TATA Power EZ Charge, ChargeZone for roaming.

Enables automatic authentication and billing without RFID or app — the car identifies itself to the charger over PLC (HomePlug GreenPHY) and authorises charging via PKI certificates. Deployed by Porsche, BMW, and VW. India adoption expected post-2025.

Mandates type approval for all EVs sold in India per AIS-038 (safety), AIS-049 (energy), AIS-123 (battery), and AIS-156 (ACC battery safety). FAME-II eligibility requires AIS-049 range certification.

Successor to FAME-II. ₹10,900 Cr scheme (2024–2026) for EV subsidies across 2W (₹10,000/kWh, cap ₹40,000), e-buses, and charging infrastructure. Replaces FAME-II Phase-II for private EVs.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework requiring EV manufacturers and importers to ensure collection and recycling of battery waste. Recyclers must hold BIS certification. Targets: 70% collection by 2026.

Mandates CCS-2 as India's DC fast-charge standard; Bharat AC-001 (15A domestic socket), Bharat AC-001 Type-2 (32A 3-phase), and Bharat DC-001 (15 kW) as public charging standards. Latest revision adds V2G readiness requirements.

Technical requirements for DC public charging stations in India: electrical protection, metering accuracy, communication interfaces (OCPP), cyber security, and physical accessibility. Specifies CCS-2 and CHAdeMO connectors.